Forensic Testing Used to Investigate Building Exterior Components

John A. D’Annunzio
August 9, 2013

Introduction to Forensic Testing

Forensic testing is playing an increasingly larger role in determining the cause of building exterior failures.  The most important attribute of properly completed forensics testing is that it eliminates subjective thought and presents objective analysis based on factual evidence. This is critical, particularly when you have participants that have a vested interest in the cause of a premature failure, such as contractors or material manufacturers. 

In building exterior investigations forensics testing can be employed through two investigative methods:

1.      on-site analysis, and

2.      material testing in an off-site laboratory. 

These methods can be conducted at all building envelope components from below-grade waterproofing, exterior walls, sealants, to roofs.  The most effective conclusions are drawn when both methods are applied in tandem to analyze a problem.  On-site analysis performed independently may provide only subjective conclusions.

On-Site Analysis

On-site analysis is completed through a thorough inspection of the required component.  In some respects this analysis is comparable to a crime scene investigation.  All aspects of the component are investigated to determine the cause of the problem.  Analysis can be conducted by visual observation, non-destructive testing using various moisture meters, gages and specialized testing equipment and through the collection of physical material samples that are extracted from the component. Material samples collected from the site are transported to an off-site testing laboratory for analysis.

Material Sample Testing

Material sample testing is the primary element in forensics testing.  Material testing identifies the types of materials applied in the construction of the building exterior component and, more importantly, it identifies the quantities of materials applied in construction.  In the United States construction material testing is conducted in accordance with the testing procedures established by the American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM).  ASTM is comprised of several sub-committees that work within each building component discipline to develop and update testing standards and procedures for all materials.  The sub-committees are comprised of industry professionals, primarily manufacturers, who work on these efforts on a volunteer (non-paying) basis.